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The supplies and chemicals specified within the experiments were, of course, intended to be a set of "easily obtainable" materials. However, the set of materials that might be described that way has changed greatly over the last half century. You might understand if a few of them are simply (or practically) unavailable in the modern era. One of the motivations for this annotated edition is to make the book more usable by filling in these gaps with modern sources and (in some cases) modern substitutes.
Some of the materials are genuinely hazardous and rarely used (by individuals) for reasons of safety. Substances such as mercury and asbestos are still legal and in widespread industrial use, but have either been banned or fallen out of favor in many of their former applications. Kitchen potholders are no longer lined with asbestos, and oral thermometers are more likely to be digital than mercury-filled. And that is not a bad thing. In the one place where asbestos actually comes up in the book — an asbestos tile to protect your desk from hot glassware — we recommend that you use a regular kitchen trivet instead.
Some other materials are no longer produced (at least in quantity), for example, vacuum tubes for radios.
And some other materials that are hard to purchase without appropriate credentials. Many chemical supply companies will only sell to institutions or approved companies. As an independent or amateur scientist, nothing could be more frustrating. We will endeavor to provide alternate sources or substitutes when barriers like these might become issues.
This table is a living resource, that we are currently updating, and will continue to update with links and sources for purchasing the individual materials. (We are working on allowing reader-contributed sourcing notes as well.) Please see the bottom of the page for the meanings of abbreviations that are used.
Chemical or material | Sources |
---|---|
Acetaminophen (pure, as crystals or powder) | Also known as Paracetamol. CH. |
Acetic acid | GS (as distilled white vinegar). |
Acetone | DS or GS (as nail polish remover), CH, HI, HS, IS. |
Agar agar | GS. Amazon.com. |
Alcohol | See also Note 6 in Appendix E of the book about alcohol. CH, DS, GS, HS. Amazon.com. |
Alum | May refer to ammonium aluminum sulfate or potassium aluminum sulfate. |
Aluminum metal | GS (as aluminum foil), HI, HS, IS. McMaster-Carr. |
Ammonium aluminum sulfate | GS (spice aisle, as alum, for pickling). |
Ammonium dichromate | CH, HC. United Nuclear, Home Science Tools, The Science Company. |
Ammonium hydroxide ("household ammonia") | GS, HS (cleaning section) Home Science Tools. |
Ammonium sulfate | HI or HS (as a fertilizer) Amazon.com part number: B000BZ4RJY. |
Baby bottle (glass) | Amazon.com part number: B001F50FFO. |
Baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) | GS, HS. |
Bamboo skewers | GS, HI or HS (grilling section), kitchen goods store. |
Battery, flashlight | "Heavy duty" type,not alkaline, for carbon rods, zinc, and manganese dioxide powder. HS. |
BBs (metal shot) | SG. |
Beaker | LS. United Nuclear, Amazon.com part number: B008VEHLBI. |
Bell jar, vacuum | ASC. |
Bell wire | HI, HS. Solid conductor insulated wire (as opposed to stranded wire). Commonly found as a bonded pair (zip cord) of two separately insulated solid-core wires, typically 20 to 24 gauge wire. Amazon.com part number B000UE471O. |
Benedict’s solution | CH. Home Science Tools. |
Bicycle pump | SG. Bike store, second-hand store. See also: vacuum pump, bicycle tire pump style. |
Blotting paper | See paper, blotting. |
Borax (sodium tetraborate) | HS (laundry or cleaning section). Amazon.com part number: B000R4LONQ. |
Boric acid | CH, GS, HI, HS (as an insecticide). United Nuclear, Amazon.com part number: B001V9WY0S. |
Bottle, baby (glass) | Amazon.com part number: B001F50FFO. |
Bottle, dropper | LS, Amazon.com part number B0081SRRFO. |
Bottle stoppers | See stoppers. |
Brine shrimp eggs | Pet store. |
Broom straw | A filament of plant matter, taken from a household broom that has natural fibers. HI, HS. |
Calcium oxide | CH. United Nuclear. |
Camphor | Indian grocery stores (as edible camphor). Amazon.com part number: B000UYIQYI. |
Canada balsam | AS, CH. |
Carbon rods | Found as welding electrodes (welding supply store). McMaster-Carr, Amazon.com. Inside "heavy duty" flashlight batteries. United Nuclear. Thick pencil leads may also be used for light duty applications: AS, CS, DS, OS |
Chrome alum | See chromium potassium sulfate. |
Chromium potassium sulfate | CH, HC. The Science Company, Amazon.com part number: B001D7NHEA. |
Cigar box | CS. Amazon.com part number: B001767QPS. Alternately, use an empty shoe box or box from a set of chocolates. |
Citric acid | GS, HB, HS (canning section). Health food store. Amazon.com part number: B00EYFKKZC. |
Clips electrical (alligator) | ES, Amazon.com part number: B0002JJU28, Newark part number: 82R5255. |
Clothespins | CS, GS, HS. |
Coal, bituminous | Small quantities are frequently available on eBay. |
Coal, anthracite | Amazon.com part number: B00845R1AU. |
Cobalt chloride | CH, HC. United Nuclear. |
Cobalt nitrate | CH. |
Compass (directional) | SG. Amazon.com. |
Congo red | CH. Recommended substitute: Eosin Y. |
Copper sheet or strip | HC, HI, or HS (roofing section) United Nuclear. US Penny coin (pre-1982). |
Copper tubing | HS, HI, IS. |
Copper acetate | CH, HC. United Nuclear. |
Copper sulfate | CH, HC, HS (as root killer). Amazon.com part number: B007HU6G22, Home Science Tools. |
Cotton-covered wire | Use any modern insulated wire as a substitute. (Plastic insulation is much more common than cotton.) HI, HS. |
Cotton rope | See rope, cotton. |
Curtain rod, lockseam | HI, HS. Amazon.com part number: B007ULEZV2. |
Ditto fluid | See Note 3 in Appendix E of the book. |
Dark glasses | See welding shade. |
Denatured alcohol | See also Note 6 in Appendix E of the book, about different kinds of "alcohol." CH, DS, GS, HS. |
Diffraction grating | Carnival "Rainbow" glasses. Home Science Tools, Amazon.com part number: B006ZBISI4. |
Dicoumarol | CH. |
HI, HS, CS, AS. Amazon.com part number: B0000A605H. | |
Duplicator fluid | Pure alcohol may be substituted. Modern substitute duplicating fluids (such as the non-flammable type available here) may or may not be suitable for your experiments, depending on what properties are needed. See also Note 7 in Appendix E of the book. |
Dropper bottle | See bottle, dropper. |
Dry ice | GS. |
Ethyl acetate | CH. Home Science Tools. |
Eosin Y | CH. Home Science Tools, Amazon.com part number: B00K33JCL2. |
Epsom salt (Magnesium sulfate) | DS, HB. |
Emery paper (sandpaper) | HI, HS, IS. |
Fahnestock clips | Amazon.com part number: B008C4S31Y Newark part number: 96F9060. Substitute: Shiny (nickel/chrome plated) paper clips or binder clips, OS. Substitute: Alligator clips. |
Fehling’s solution | CH. |
Ferrous sulfate | Garden supply (as a soil additive). Amazon.com part number: B00KJL5ZL4. |
Filter paper | GS (coffee section), CH, HC. The Science Company. |
Full wave rectifier | See rectifier bridge. |
Funnel, plastic | HS, IS, LS, Kitchen Goods store. McMaster-Carr. |
Funnel, metal (steel or aluminum) | HS, LS, IS. McMaster-Carr. |
Gallon jug | HB. Amazon.com part number B0064O8Z76. |
Galvanometer | ES. |
Gelatin | GS (use unflavored, unsweetened gelatin), HB. |
Glass pane | HI, HS. |
Glass tubing | The Science Company, Amazon.com part number: B001949476 United Nuclear. |
Glass microscope slide | See slide, microscope. |
Glasses, dark | See welding shade. |
Glue, white (e.g., Elmers, wood glue) | Also known as PVA (Polyvinyl acetate) glue. AS, CS, GS, OS. |
Graduated cylinder | HC, LS. The Science Company, Home Science Tools, Arbor Scientific. |
Grating, diffraction | See diffraction grating. |
Hacksaw blade | HI, HS, IS. |
Hemoglobinometer (Tallquist Hemoglobin scale) | Kemtec. |
Helium gas | CS or party stores, for balloons. |
Hibiscus flower, dried | GS (in herbal tea or spice section). |
Hydrated lime | See lime. |
Hydrogen peroxide (3%) | DS, GS. |
Hydrochloric acid (HCl, muriatic acid) | HB, HI (as cleaner and etchant for concrete), HS (as pH regulator for swimming pools), IS. Amazon.com, United Nuclear. |
Hydrochloric acid (food grade) | Health food store. |
Hypo | See sodium thiosulfate. |
Iodine (solution) | CH. United Nuclear. |
Iron filings | CH. Amazon.com, Arbor Scientific, United Nuclear. |
Isolation transformer, fused | Electrical supply store. Amazon.com part number: B00006HPFH, Amazon.com part number: B000LDLF3M. |
Knitting needles, steel | CS. Nickel-plated steel is ideal. |
Lath, wood | HI, HS. Lumberyard. |
Laundry bluing | GS, HS. Mrs. Stewarts. |
Lead metal | SG (as fishing sinkers or lead metal shot). United Nuclear. |
LEDs | ES. |
Lenses | See Note 24 in Appendix E of the book. |
Lime (calcium hydroxide)--not the fruit | HS (canning section, Mexican spices), HI (garden section, as hydrated lime). Amazon.com part number B0084LZU1Q. |
Lime water (saturated solution of calcium hydroxide) | Make lime water by mixing a teaspoon of hydrated lime with one pint of water. |
Lye (sodium hydroxide, historically potassium hydroxide) | CH, HC, HS (as a drain opener). Soap making supply companies. Gourmet food store (as Caustic Soda). Home Science Tools, Bulk Apothecary, Amazon.com part number: B001EDBEZM. |
Magnesium powder | United Nuclear. |
Magnesium ribbon | CH. Amazon.com, Rotometals, United Nuclear. |
Malic acid | HB. Amazon.com part number: B0064GZB58. |
Magnesium sulfate | See epsom salt. |
Manganese dioxide | CH. Can be found in zinc-carbon batteries (see Note 12 in Appendix E of the book). Home Science Tools. |
Manganese sulfate | CH, HI (garden section). Amazon.com part number: B004RXD1HK. |
Masking tape | CS, HI or HS (painting section), OS. |
Masonite | AS, HI, HS. |
Mason jar | GS, HS. |
Measuring spoon set | GS, HS. |
Methylene blue | CH. Pet store (aquarium section). Amazon.com, Home Science Tools. |
Mercury | Use not advised. See Notes 26 and 32 in Appendix E of the book for substitutes and recommendations. CH. United Nuclear. |
Merthiolate | Also known as thiomersal or thimerosal. Use not advised; contains mercury. CH, possibly DS (as antiseptic). |
Mercury switch | Amazon.com part number: B001QG76B8. |
Milk of magnesia | DS. |
Mothballs/crystals | See naphthalene. |
Muriatic acid | See hydrochloric acid. |
Nails, finishing | HI, HS. |
Naphthalene | Traditional mothballs. United Nuclear. See also Note 20 in Appendix E of the book. |
Neon bulb | ES. Jameco part number: 210315. |
Nichrome wire, 20 AWG (gauge) | Electrical supply store. CS (as replacement wire for hot-wire foam cutter). McMaster-Carr, United Nuclear. |
Nickel sulfate | CH. Available in nickel plating kits. Amazon.com part number: B00LET73NI. |
Nitric acid | CH. Hydroponic supply store. Amazon.com part number: B002LHW8PA, The Science Company. |
Pancreatin | CH. Veterinary supply. Health food stores (in tablet form with additives). |
Paper, blotting (Most commonly, as watercolor paper) | AS, CS, OS. |
Papier-mâché (paper mache paste/wheat paste) | HI or HS (wallpaper section). HCS. |
Paraffin wax | GS, HS (canning section) McMaster-Carr. |
Pepsin | CH. Home Science Tools. |
Petri dish | LS. Home Science Tools, The Science Company, Amazon.com, United Nuclear. |
Phenolphthalein solution | Home Science Tools, United Nuclear. |
Phonograph (Also known as record player/turntable) | Second-hand store. Amazon.com part number: B00AOBHDPA. |
Phosphoric acid | CH, HB, HI (as concrete etchant), IS (as cleaner). Amazon.com |
pHydrion paper | CH, LS. The Science Company. |
Polarizing film, linear (Also known as Polaroid Filter) | Arbor Scientific, Home Science Tools. |
Plaster of Paris | AS, HI, HS. |
Plastic wrap (clear stretch type) | GS as ``Saran Wrap,'' plastic cling film. |
Potassium alum | See potassium aluminum sulfate. |
Potassium aluminum sulfate | DS or GS (in health/beauty, as alum block for razor burn), AS or CS (as alum powder for tanning and dyeing). Amazon.com part number: B004NEHR28 for Alum block, Amazon.com part number: B0009IN1FY for Alum powder. |
Potassium chromate | CH. Home Science Tools. |
Potassium chromium sulfate | See chromium potassium sulfate. |
Potassium dichromate | CH. United Nuclear. |
Potassium ferricyanide | CH. United Nuclear. |
Potassium hydroxide | CH, CS (for soapmaking, as caustic potash). Home Science Tools, The Science Company, United Nuclear, Amazon.com. |
Potassium iodide | CH. Amazon.com, United Nuclear. |
Potassium nitrate (saltpeter) | CH. United Nuclear. |
Potassium permanganate | CH. Amazon.com. United Nuclear. |
Potassium sodium tartrate | See Rochelle salt. |
Potentiometer (50 ohm, 1000 ohm) | ES. |
Propane torch | HI, HS, IS. |
Radioactive source | See Note 28 in Appendix E of the book. Thoriated tungsten welding electrode: McMaster-Carr. Uranium ore available from United Nuclear. |
Radiometer | Amazon.com part number: B0007YFJI2, ThinkGeek. |
Rectifier bridge (full wave) | Suggested type: GBU8D (see Note 35 in Appendix E of the book for usage). Digi-key part number: GBU8D-ND. |
Resistors | ES. |
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate) | CS, Amazon.com. |
Rope, cotton | HI, HS. |
Rope, clothesline | See rope, cotton. |
Rubber band | OS. |
Rubber cement | AS, OS. |
Rubber tubing | Used on gravity wash bottle. Typically, latex tubing is the best choice when general purpose "rubber tubing" is specified. Medical supply stores. McMaster-Carr. |
Rubbing alcohol | See also Note 6 in Appendix E of the book about alcohol. CH, DS, GS, HS. |
Ruler (plastic or wood) | AS, GS, OS. |
Saran Wrap | See plastic wrap. |
Sealing wax | AS. Stationery store. |
Shellac | Real shellac may come as flakes that can be dissolved with alcohol. AS, HI. |
Shot, metal | SG (as BBs). |
Silver bromide | CH. Photographic supply stores. |
Silver nitrate | CH. The Science Company, Home Science Tools, United Nuclear. |
Slide, microscope | LS. Hobby store The Science Company, Home Science Tools, United Nuclear. |
Soda lime | Medical/veterinary supply. Amazon.com part number: B00GRPVEL6. |
Sodium acetate | CH. United Nuclear. |
Sodium bicarbonate | See baking soda. |
Sodium bisulfate | CH. United Nuclear. |
Sodium bromate | CH. |
Sodium carbonate | See washing soda. |
Sodium chlorate | CH. |
Sodium nitrate | CH. United Nuclear. |
Sodium oxalate | CH. HCS. |
Sodium silicate | CH. Amazon.com part number: B0019LVJO0, United Nuclear. |
Sodium sulfate | CH. United Nuclear. |
Sodium thiosulfate ("hypo" to photographers) | CH. Home Science Tools, Amazon.com part number: B00HEYUWVW, United Nuclear. |
Solar filter (eclipse viewing film) | See Note 13 in Appendix E of the book. A #14 or darker welding shade, from a welding supply store. Telescope store. Amazon.com part number B00712I3JA, ASC. |
Spectra cord | Kite store. SG (as kite line or fishing line). |
Spectrometer | Amazon.com part number: B00FGARIAO. |
Splint (as in ``glowing splint'') | GS, HS (as long fireplace matches or wooden coffee stirrers). |
Star charts | Recommended types include: Miller PlanisphereA>, Philip's Planisphere, the David H. Levy "Guide to the Stars," and Chandler's "The Night Sky.". Download and print: Uncle Al's Starwheels. Note that it is necessary to get a type that is made for your latitude. See also Note 22 in Appendix E of the book. |
Starch | GS (in laundry or in baking as corn, potato, tapioca, or arrowroot starch). |
Steel wool | HI, HS, IS. Amazon.com, McMaster-Carr. |
Stirring rod, glass | CH, HC. Gourmet kitchen goods store (bartending section). The Science Company. |
Stoppers (bottle stoppers, sizes #1, 3, 6½, 7 solid or with 1-hole or 2-hole) | LS, IS, HB. Home Science Tools, The Science Company, Amazon.com, McMaster-Carr. |
Sulfur | CH, HC. Amazon.com, United Nuclear, Home Science Tools, Hobby Chemical Supply, The Science Company. |
Sulfuric acid | AM (as battery acid in low concentration), CH, HC, HS (certain drain openers). Amazon.com part number: B00KAIQI1W, United Nuclear, Home Science Tools. |
Telescope | Two recommendations to purchase a low-cost telescope: The Galileoscope, about $50, or (much better) the Orion StarBlast 4.5 Astro Reflector Telescope, about $200. If you can budget about $400, the Orion SkyQuest XT8 Classic Dobsonian is an incredibly good next step up and value for the money. See also Note 27 in Appendix E of the book. |
Test tubes | CH, HC, LS. The Science Company, Home Science Tools, United Nuclear. |
Thoriated tungsten | See radioactive source. |
Tide chart | Online, http://www.saltwatertides.com for example. |
Tire pump | See bicycle pump. |
Transformer, filament. Input: 117 V. Output: 6.3 V, at least 0.5 A | ES. eBay. Suggested part: Hammond Mfg part number 166L6 (2 A output). Mouser.com Part number: 546-166L6, Newark part number: 92F1309. Wiring diagram from Hammond. |
Turpentine | AS, HS. Amazon.com part number: B001V9X8ZI. |
Uranium glass | United Nuclear, various other internet shops as "Uranium glass marbles." Sometimes labeled as "Vaseline glass." |
Vacuum gauge | Included with some vacuum pumps. AM, HS (automotive section). Amazon.com part number: B006K2RIY8 McMaster-Carr. |
Vacuum grease | Vaseline (original 100% petroleum jelly version): DS. Purpose-built vacuum grease (e.g., Dow Corning brand): Scientific supply. Amazon.com part number: B001UHMNW0. |
Vacuum pump, hand operated | AM (as brake bleeding pump). Amazon.com part number: B00265M9SS. |
Vacuum pump, bicycle tire pump style | Build one in Chapter 2 of the book! AM (as oil extractor pump). Amazon.com part number: B0000BYO97. |
Variac with isolation | Electrical supply store. Amazon.com part number: B006NGC6HU. |
Water glass | See sodium silicate. |
Washing soda (Sodium carbonate) | GS, HS (laundry section). Amazon.com part number: B0029XNTEU. |
Weather stripping | HI, HS. |
Welding shade | Welding supply store, Amazon.com. |
Wheat paste | See papier-mâché. |
Window glass | See glass pane. |
Wood glue | See glue, white. |
Wright’s stain | CH, HC, LS. Home Science Tools. |
Xylene | CH, HI, or HS (painting section, as a solvent). |
Zinc metal | Inner case of "Heavy Duty" flashlight batteries. White metal inside copper coating of post-1982 US penny. Home Science Tools, United Nuclear. |
Zinc sulfate | CH, HC. Home Science Tools. |
Zinc sulfide | CH, HC. Steve Spangler Science, United Nuclear. |
General abbreviations used in the table: